U.S. Citizenship (Naturalization)

Who qualifies

Generally: 18+ years old, green card for 5 years (3 if married to a U.S. citizen), continuous residence, physical presence, English and civics test.

The step-by-step roadmap

1. 1

   Check your eligibility

   Confirm you meet the basic requirements: age, residency, and good moral character. Use our screener for a personalized check.

   Watch out: Continuous residence means you did not leave the U.S. for more than 6 months at a time.

   Common rejection reason: Long absences from the U.S. can break the continuous residence requirement.
2. 2

   Gather your documents

   Collect your green card, passport, tax returns, and evidence of marriage or employment if applicable.

   Watch out: Tax returns for the last 5 years are required for most applicants.

   Common rejection reason: Missing tax documentation is the most common delay.
3. 3

   Complete Form N-400

   Fill out the naturalization application form. Answer every question truthfully and completely.

   Watch out: Even minor arrests must be disclosed.

   Common rejection reason: Failing to disclose arrests, traffic violations, or prior immigration issues.
4. 4

   File and pay the fee

   Submit Form N-400 online or by mail with the $640 filing fee.

   Watch out: Keep a copy of everything you submit.

   Common rejection reason: Wrong payment amount or missing signature.
5. 5

   Attend biometrics appointment

   USCIS will schedule fingerprints and photos at a local application support center.

   Watch out: Bring your appointment notice and government ID.

   Common rejection reason: Missing the appointment without rescheduling causes delays.
6. 6

   Pass the English and civics test

   Study 100 civics questions and demonstrate basic English ability.

   Watch out: You get two attempts. Free study materials are on the USCIS website.

   Common rejection reason: Failing the test twice results in denial.
7. 7

   Attend the interview

   A USCIS officer reviews your application and tests your English and civics knowledge.

   Watch out: Arrive early and bring all original documents.

   Common rejection reason: Inconsistent answers compared to your written application.
8. 8

   Take the oath

   Attend the naturalization oath ceremony and receive your certificate.

   Watch out: You must return your green card at the ceremony.

Documents you'll need

• Green card (front and back)

  Copy of both sides of your permanent resident card.

  Note: Must be legible, not cropped.

• Passport biographical page

  Copy of the page with your photo and personal details.

  Note: Include all pages with stamps or visas.

• Tax returns (last 5 years)

  IRS transcripts or copies of your federal tax returns.

  Note: Free transcripts from the IRS website.

• Marriage certificate (if applicable)

  Certified copy if you are claiming the 3-year rule through a U.S. citizen spouse.

  Note: Must be the certified copy, not a photocopy.

• Two passport-style photos

  2x2 inch photos taken within 30 days of filing.

  Note: White background, taken by a professional.